Beta
Acetylcholine
medication Under reviewCholine is an essential nutrient that serves as a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for memory, learning, attention, arousal, and involuntary muscle movement. It is important in making membranes for all cells in the body and for producing chemicals responsible for nerve function. Choline exists in several supplemental forms, including alpha-glycerophosphocholine (ฮฑ-GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which are all cholinergic compounds that can boost acetylcholine levels in the body.
Research summary
Research in healthy humans demonstrates that higher blood levels of choline are associated with improved memory and learning performance. A study of 2,195 participants ages 70-74 found that those with higher blood choline levels performed significantly better on memory and learning tasks. Small randomized intervention trials have shown that choline supplements improve cognitive performance in adults. Additionally, observational research with over 5,900 participants found that low blood choline levels were linked to higher anxiety risk. Most studies on alpha-GPC and citicoline use dosages of up to 1,200 mg per day, which appears to be safe and well tolerated in healthy populations.
Reported Benefits
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Choline - Health Professional Fact Sheet
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
Choline supplements: An update
Multiple authors
Supplemental Choline and Brain Development in Humans
Multiple authors
Acetylcholine Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects, and Types
Multiple authors
No reports yet
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Choline supplements: An update
Multiple authors
Acetylcholine Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects, and Types
Multiple authors
Choline - Health Professional Fact Sheet
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
No reports yet
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The Ups and Downs of Choline Supplements
McGill University
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The Ups and Downs of Choline Supplements
McGill University
No reports yet
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Acetylcholine Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects, and Types
Multiple authors
No side effects tracked yet
No side effects have been reported by studies or users for this habit yet.
Related health conditions
Research showing how this habit affects specific health conditions. Always consult healthcare professionals.
May Help With
Generalized anxiety disorder or anxiety symptoms affecting daily life
Acetylcholine Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects, and Types
Multiple authors
Elevated LDL cholesterol or total cholesterol levels
The Ups and Downs of Choline Supplements
McGill University
Research (5 studies)
Acetylcholine Supplements: Benefits, Side Effects, and Types
Multiple authors
Choline - Health Professional Fact Sheet
NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
The Ups and Downs of Choline Supplements
McGill University
Choline supplements: An update
Multiple authors
Supplemental Choline and Brain Development in Humans
Multiple authors
Community updates
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