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Japanese researchers developed novel vitamin K–derived molecules that stimulated neuronal growth and regeneration in cell and animal models, suggesting future therapeutic potential for brain repair but not yet ready for human use.[8]

In a randomized controlled trial of adults with episodic migraine, combined supplementation with vitamin D3 and L-arginine for 12 weeks significantly reduced monthly migraine days and headache-related disability compared with placebo.

A phase 2 randomized trial in adults with obesity and insulin resistance found that 2000 mg/day nicotinamide riboside for 12 weeks substantially increased blood NAD+ levels and was well tolerated, but produced only modest, non-significant changes in insulin sensitivity and liver fat.

A recent meta-analysis of randomized trials reported that typical over-the-counter omega-3 doses lowered triglycerides but did not significantly reduce major cardiovascular events, reinforcing that high-dose icosapent ethyl benefits do not generalize to standard fish oil supplements.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that 5 g/day creatine for 6 weeks significantly improved working memory and fluid intelligence in healthy young adults, with larger effects in those with lower baseline dietary creatine intake.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showed that standardized ashwagandha root extract taken daily for 8 weeks significantly improved subjective sleep quality and reduced perceived stress scores in adults with insomnia and high stress.

In a large randomized clinical trial of older adults, two years of daily multivitamin use was associated with slower biological aging, as measured by DNA methylation clocks, compared with placebo.

Recent clinical trials and observational studies show that vitamin D supplementation in deficient individuals with COVID-19 is linked to reduced disease severity and better clinical outcomes, supporting supplementation in those with low levels.

In a large randomized trial of older adults, two years of daily multivitamin use led to a small but significant slowing of biological aging, as measured by DNA-methylation–based aging clocks, compared with placebo.[8]

Recent clinical and observational studies in COVID-19 patients show that correcting vitamin D deficiency with supplementation is associated with reduced risk or severity of COVID-19, supporting targeted use in deficient individuals.[4]

A recent meta-analysis of randomized trials found that vitamin D supplements did not significantly reduce major cardiovascular events in generally healthy adults, supporting guideline advice against routine use for heart disease prevention.

In a large randomized trial of older adults, two years of daily multivitamin use produced a small but measurable slowing of biological aging markers compared with placebo, suggesting a modest longevity benefit.

Recent clinical and observational studies summarized in a global review support vitamin D supplementation for people with deficiency who contract COVID-19, with evidence for reduced disease severity and shorter illness duration.

In a large randomized trial of older adults, two years of daily multivitamin use modestly slowed biological aging as measured by DNA-methylation clocks, suggesting a small but measurable impact on systemic aging processes.

Analysis of nearly 1,000 adverse event reports in people ≤25 years found weight-loss, muscle-building, and energy supplements were linked to about triple the risk of severe medical outcomes, including hospitalization and death, compared with vitamins.

In a large randomized clinical trial of older adults, two years of daily multivitamin use modestly slowed the pace of biological aging compared with placebo, suggesting potential benefits for healthy longevity.

An observational study found that higher copper and manganese levels during pregnancy were associated with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of developing hypertension decades later in mothers.

A meta-analysis of patients with cardiovascular disease reported that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced myocardial infarction risk by 25% and cardiac death by 32%, supporting targeted use in heart patients.

Long-term randomized trials and meta-analyses showed that vitamin E did not reduce cardiovascular events and may increase heart failure risk, while beta-carotene slightly increased cardiovascular mortality and lung cancer in high-risk groups.

In a large randomized trial of older adults, daily multivitamin use modestly slowed biological aging measures compared with placebo after two years, suggesting a small but measurable impact on aging-related biomarkers.

A recent meta-analysis found that vitamin D supplements provided little to no benefit for most non-deficient adults across outcomes like fractures, cardiovascular events, and cancer, supporting more targeted rather than routine use.

New pooled analyses of randomized trials reported that standard-dose omega-3 supplements reduce triglyceride levels but do not clearly lower heart attack, stroke, or mortality risk in generally healthy or low-risk adults.

In patients with cardiovascular disease or diabetes and elevated triglycerides on statins, high-dose purified EPA (4 g/day) reduced major cardiovascular events by about 25% compared with placebo over roughly five years.

An analysis of adverse event reports found that weight-loss, muscle-building, and energy supplements were associated with nearly triple the risk of severe medical outcomes in children and young adults compared with vitamins.

Recent clinical studies and meta-analyses show that correcting vitamin D deficiency with supplements is associated with reduced risk and severity of COVID-19 outcomes, including shorter illness and fewer complications, particularly in deficient individuals.

In a large randomized trial of older adults, two years of daily multivitamin use modestly slowed increases in biological age measures derived from blood biomarkers, suggesting a small but measurable impact on age-related physiological decline.

The REDUCE-IT trial found that 4 g/day of purified EPA (icosapent ethyl) added to statin therapy reduced major cardiovascular events by 25% in patients with elevated triglycerides and established CVD or diabetes, indicating benefit for a select high‑risk group.

A large clinical trial reported that older adults taking a daily multivitamin had modestly slower biological aging over two years, suggesting a possible low-cost aging intervention. The effect was small but potentially meaningful at a population level.

NIH-reported analyses of 10 years of AREDS2 data found the lutein/zeaxanthin formula reduced age-related macular degeneration progression better than the original formula and avoided the beta-carotene lung-cancer risk. This supports the updated eye-supplement formulation.

Older adults taking daily multivitamins biologically aged 4 months slower than non-users, per a study highlighting benefits for everyday health maintenance.

Randomized trial shows 2 months of five food supplements plus diet restriction improved lipid profiles, glucose, CRP, body fat, and visceral fat in overweight adults.

Recent data reveals >57% of US adults used at least one dietary supplement in the past 30 days, underscoring their popularity and need for research on efficacy.

Higher copper and manganese levels in pregnant women linked to lower blood pressure and reduced long-term hypertension risk, offering dietary implications for maternal health.

Daily multivitamin intake slowed biological aging by about 3-5 months in older adults, with greatest benefits for those with nutritional gaps like vegans or keto dieters. Published in Nature Medicine, emphasizing practical use alongside movement.