Beta
Adrenaline
medication Under reviewAdrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter produced mainly by the adrenal medulla and, to a lesser extent, by certain neurons. It plays a central role in the acute stress response, rapidly preparing the body for “fight or flight” by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, bronchodilation, and glucose mobilization. Pharmaceutical adrenaline is a synthetic or purified form that is identical to the endogenous hormone. Mechanistically, adrenaline acts primarily on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors throughout the body. Activation of beta-1 receptors increases cardiac contractility and heart rate, beta-2 receptors cause bronchodilation and vasodilation in skeletal muscle, and alpha-1 receptors cause vasoconstriction in many vascular beds, raising blood pressure. Clinically, epinephrine is used as a drug, not as a nutritional supplement, most notably for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, severe asthma exacerbations, and as an additive to local anesthetics to prolong effect and reduce bleeding. Adrenaline is not a dietary supplement and is not appropriate for self-experimentation in healthy individuals. Its use is restricted to medical indications under professional supervision because of its powerful cardiovascular and metabolic effects and the potential for serious adverse events if misused.
Research summary
Research on adrenaline in healthy humans focuses mainly on its acute physiological effects rather than long-term supplementation, since it is a potent prescription drug. Experimental studies in healthy volunteers have characterized its dose-dependent impact on heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, bronchodilation, metabolic rate, and subjective sensations such as anxiety or tremor. These studies generally use carefully controlled intravenous or subcutaneous dosing in clinical or research settings. There is no evidence base supporting adrenaline as a performance or wellness “supplement” in healthy individuals, and its risk profile clearly outweighs any theoretical benefit outside emergency or strictly controlled clinical use. The scientific consensus is that epinephrine should be used only for specific, time-limited medical indications such as anaphylaxis or resuscitation, with dosing and monitoring managed by healthcare professionals.
Reported Benefits
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Effect of epinephrine on mechanical efficiency and metabolic response in normal man during exercise
Klausen K, Kjaer M, Secher NH
Circulatory and respiratory responses to intravenous epinephrine infusion in normal man
Goldberg LI, Bloodwell RD, Braunwald E, Morrow AG
Metabolic effects of epinephrine in resting healthy men: lipolysis, glucose turnover, and lactate production
Jensen MD, Heiling VJ, Miles JM
No reports yet
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Effect of epinephrine on mechanical efficiency and metabolic response in normal man during exercise
Klausen K, Kjaer M, Secher NH
Circulatory and respiratory responses to intravenous epinephrine infusion in normal man
Goldberg LI, Bloodwell RD, Braunwald E, Morrow AG
No reports yet
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Add Adrenaline to your stack to report effects
Dose-response effects of subcutaneous epinephrine on airway function in normal subjects
Newhouse MT, Dolovich MB, Obminski G
Reported Side Effects
No reports yet
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Psychological, cardiovascular, and endocrine changes during 6 hours of continuous infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine in healthy volunteers.
Van den Berg MP, Tulen JH, Boomsma F, Man in 't Veld AJ, van den Meiracker AH
Dose-response effects of subcutaneous epinephrine on airway function in normal subjects
Newhouse MT, Dolovich MB, Obminski G
Circulatory and respiratory responses to intravenous epinephrine infusion in normal man
Goldberg LI, Bloodwell RD, Braunwald E, Morrow AG
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Adrenaline to your stack to report effects
Psychological, cardiovascular, and endocrine changes during 6 hours of continuous infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine in healthy volunteers.
Van den Berg MP, Tulen JH, Boomsma F, Man in 't Veld AJ, van den Meiracker AH
Dose-response effects of subcutaneous epinephrine on airway function in normal subjects
Newhouse MT, Dolovich MB, Obminski G
Circulatory and respiratory responses to intravenous epinephrine infusion in normal man
Goldberg LI, Bloodwell RD, Braunwald E, Morrow AG
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Adrenaline to your stack to report effects
Psychological, cardiovascular, and endocrine changes during 6 hours of continuous infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine in healthy volunteers.
Van den Berg MP, Tulen JH, Boomsma F, Man in 't Veld AJ, van den Meiracker AH
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Adrenaline to your stack to report effects
Psychological, cardiovascular, and endocrine changes during 6 hours of continuous infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine in healthy volunteers.
Van den Berg MP, Tulen JH, Boomsma F, Man in 't Veld AJ, van den Meiracker AH
Research (5 studies)
Psychological, cardiovascular, and endocrine changes during 6 hours of continuous infusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine in healthy volunteers.
Van den Berg MP, Tulen JH, Boomsma F, Man in 't Veld AJ, van den Meiracker AH
Metabolic effects of epinephrine in resting healthy men: lipolysis, glucose turnover, and lactate production
Jensen MD, Heiling VJ, Miles JM
Effect of epinephrine on mechanical efficiency and metabolic response in normal man during exercise
Klausen K, Kjaer M, Secher NH
Dose-response effects of subcutaneous epinephrine on airway function in normal subjects
Newhouse MT, Dolovich MB, Obminski G
Circulatory and respiratory responses to intravenous epinephrine infusion in normal man
Goldberg LI, Bloodwell RD, Braunwald E, Morrow AG
Community updates
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