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Caffeine-containing supplements
supplement Under reviewCaffeine-containing supplements are dietary products that deliver caffeine, a naturally occurring stimulant found in sources like coffee beans, tea leaves, and guarana, often formulated for performance enhancement, energy boosting, or weight management. These supplements typically provide caffeine in anhydrous form or combined with other ingredients, absorbed rapidly through the gastrointestinal tract with nearly 100% bioavailability and no significant hepatic first-pass effect. Once ingested, caffeine is primarily metabolized by the liver's CYP1A2 enzyme into paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline, with paraxanthine accounting for 70-80% of the metabolites, facilitating clearance via urine without notable toxicity at moderate doses.
Research summary
Scientific evidence strongly supports caffeine-containing supplements for enhancing exercise performance in healthy adults, including improvements in endurance, strength, and power output across various activities, with benefits observed at doses of 3-6 mg/kg body mass. Research indicates small to moderate ergogenic effects, consistent across sexes and largely independent of habitual intake, though genetic variations like CYP1A2 polymorphism may influence individual responses. Moderate consumption is generally safe for healthy adults, with no major adverse effects at typical doses, though variability in supplement caffeine content underscores the need for label verification.
Reported Benefits
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Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: an updated narrative review
Kelsey R. Allen, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.
Lara J. Taylor, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
No reports yet
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Add Caffeine-containing supplements to your stack to report effects
Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: an updated narrative review
Kelsey R. Allen, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.
Lara J. Taylor, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Caffeine-containing supplements to your stack to report effects
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.
Lara J. Taylor, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Caffeine-containing supplements to your stack to report effects
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.
Lara J. Taylor, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
Reported Side Effects
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Institute of Medicine. 2014. Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements: Examining Safety—Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2014.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Safety of Caffeine
Research (3 studies)
Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: an updated narrative review
Kelsey R. Allen, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: effects of dietary antioxidants on exercise and sports performance.
Lara J. Taylor, Nicholas A. Ratamess, et al.
Institute of Medicine. 2014. Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements: Examining Safety—Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2014.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Safety of Caffeine
Community updates
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