Cycling

Meta-analysis of trials showed e-cycling increased maximal oxygen consumption and power output in healthy subjects, with reductions in 2-hour post plasma glucose levels.

Review of studies on healthy cyclists found nitrate from beetroot juice improved 10km time trial performance and power output via nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation.

Systematic review of 36 studies with 701 healthy cyclists found caffeine improved athletic performance, with potential benefits from sodium bicarbonate and caffeine-creatine combinations, but no significant effects from other supplements alone.

Review of studies on healthy cyclists found nitrate from beetroot juice improved 10km time trial performance and power output via nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation.

Systematic review of 36 studies with 701 healthy cyclists found caffeine improved athletic performance, with potential benefits from sodium bicarbonate and caffeine-creatine combinations, but no significant effects from other supplements alone.

Meta-analysis of trials showed e-cycling increased maximal oxygen consumption and power output in healthy subjects, with reductions in 2-hour post plasma glucose levels.

Narrative review indicates cycling participation lowers all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence, and type 2 diabetes risk in a dose-dependent manner, with benefits from initiating cycling even in mid-to-late adulthood.