Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
medication Under reviewThe primary psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis, used medically for nausea, appetite stimulation, and pain management.
Research summary
Human research on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy volunteers consistently shows robust acute psychoactive effects, including alterations in mood, perception, anxiety levels, psychotic-like experiences, and cognitive performance. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials using oral or intravenous THC demonstrate dose-dependent impairments in episodic memory, learning, sensory discrimination, and fine motor control, along with increased heart rate and frequent subjective intoxication. Neuroimaging studies find acute changes in activation of the striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and other cortical regions, and increases in striatal glutamate levels that are thought to be relevant to psychosis risk. The overall research consensus is that, in healthy individuals, acute THC produces reliably measurable adverse effects on memory and certain aspects of cognitive and psychomotor performance, while also inducing anxiety and transient psychotomimetic symptoms in a substantial proportion of subjects. These effects are typically short-lived and dose-related, but can be moderate to severe in some individuals, especially at higher doses or with intravenous administration. Evidence for therapeutic benefits in healthy humans is minimal; most positive clinical applications target specific patient populations rather than healthy individuals. Consequently, THC is best viewed as a psychoactive drug with significant acute cognitive and psychiatric risks rather than a general-purpose health supplement.
Reported Benefits
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Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.
Curran HV, Brignell C, Fletcher S, Middleton P, Henry J
Descriptive Psychopathology of the Acute Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration in Humans.
Colizzi M, Bhattacharyya S, Bevan SJ, et al.
No reports yet
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Add Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to your stack to report effects
Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.
Curran HV, Brignell C, Fletcher S, Middleton P, Henry J
Reported Side Effects
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Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces the performance in sensory delayed discrimination tasks. A pharmacological-fMRI study in healthy volunteers.
Martin-Santos R, Fagundo AB, Borras C, et al.
Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.
Curran HV, Brignell C, Fletcher S, Middleton P, Henry J
The dose-dependent psychomotor effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (ฮ(9)-THC) in humans.
Colizzi M, McGuire P, Pertwee RG, Bhattacharyya S
No reports yet
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Add Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to your stack to report effects
Acute induction of anxiety in humans by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Association with amygdala activation and CB1 receptor availability
Bhattacharyya S, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, et al.
Descriptive Psychopathology of the Acute Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration in Humans.
Colizzi M, Bhattacharyya S, Bevan SJ, et al.
No reports yet
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Add Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to your stack to report effects
Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.
Curran HV, Brignell C, Fletcher S, Middleton P, Henry J
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to your stack to report effects
The dose-dependent psychomotor effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (ฮ(9)-THC) in humans.
Colizzi M, McGuire P, Pertwee RG, Bhattacharyya S
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to your stack to report effects
Descriptive Psychopathology of the Acute Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration in Humans.
Colizzi M, Bhattacharyya S, Bevan SJ, et al.
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to your stack to report effects
The dose-dependent psychomotor effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (ฮ(9)-THC) in humans.
Colizzi M, McGuire P, Pertwee RG, Bhattacharyya S
Research (5 studies)
The dose-dependent psychomotor effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (ฮ(9)-THC) in humans.
Colizzi M, McGuire P, Pertwee RG, Bhattacharyya S
Descriptive Psychopathology of the Acute Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration in Humans.
Colizzi M, Bhattacharyya S, Bevan SJ, et al.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces the performance in sensory delayed discrimination tasks. A pharmacological-fMRI study in healthy volunteers.
Martin-Santos R, Fagundo AB, Borras C, et al.
Acute induction of anxiety in humans by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Association with amygdala activation and CB1 receptor availability
Bhattacharyya S, Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, et al.
Cognitive and subjective dose-response effects of acute oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in infrequent cannabis users.
Curran HV, Brignell C, Fletcher S, Middleton P, Henry J
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