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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
medication Under reviewGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are prescription medications that mimic the gut hormone GLP-1. They are not supplements in the usual sense; they are drugs used primarily for appetite regulation, blood sugar control, and weight management. In healthy human studies, they have been investigated for their effects on satiety, post-meal hormone responses, glucose handling, and tolerability. These agents work by activating GLP-1 receptors, which slows gastric emptying, increases insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and reduces appetite. In clinical research involving otherwise healthy participants with overweight or obesity, the main observed application is weight loss, with gastrointestinal adverse effects being the most common limiting issue.
Research summary
The human evidence base is substantial for weight reduction in adults without diabetes, with multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses showing clinically meaningful weight loss. Phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers also show that newer oral and injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists are pharmacologically active and generally have safety profiles consistent with the class. Across healthy human studies, the best-supported effects are reduced body weight, lower appetite-related intake, and changes in postprandial gastrointestinal and endocrine signaling. The most consistently documented adverse effects are nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms; there is also evidence in broader human populations that GLP-1 receptor agonists may be associated with favorable cardiovascular and renal outcomes, but those findings are not limited to healthy subjects and therefore are not the primary basis for this profile.
Reported Benefits
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Tolerance Does Not Develop Toward Liraglutide’s Glucose-Lowering Effect
Multiple authors
GSK2374697, a long duration glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reduces postprandial circulating endogenous total GLP-1 and peptide YY in healthy subjects.
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
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Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
Tolerance Does Not Develop Toward Liraglutide’s Glucose-Lowering Effect
Multiple authors
GSK2374697, a long duration glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reduces postprandial circulating endogenous total GLP-1 and peptide YY in healthy subjects.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
Tolerance Does Not Develop Toward Liraglutide’s Glucose-Lowering Effect
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
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Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
Tolerance Does Not Develop Toward Liraglutide’s Glucose-Lowering Effect
Multiple authors
No reports yet
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Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
Reported Side Effects
No reports yet
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104-OR: Novel GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonist LY3437943: A First-in-Human Dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Multiple authors
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1a, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy participants.
Multiple authors
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS-7535, a novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in healthy participants: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food effect trial.
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
104-OR: Novel GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonist LY3437943: A First-in-Human Dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Multiple authors
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS-7535, a novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in healthy participants: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food effect trial.
Multiple authors
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1a, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy participants.
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
104-OR: Novel GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonist LY3437943: A First-in-Human Dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Multiple authors
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1a, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy participants.
Multiple authors
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS-7535, a novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in healthy participants: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food effect trial.
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
104-OR: Novel GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonist LY3437943: A First-in-Human Dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Multiple authors
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS-7535, a novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in healthy participants: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food effect trial.
Multiple authors
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1a, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy participants.
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
104-OR: Novel GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonist LY3437943: A First-in-Human Dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Multiple authors
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS-7535, a novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in healthy participants: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food effect trial.
Multiple authors
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1a, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy participants.
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
No reports yet
Be the first to report this effect and help the community.
Add Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to your stack to report effects
104-OR: Novel GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonist LY3437943: A First-in-Human Dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Multiple authors
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1a, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy participants.
Multiple authors
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS-7535, a novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in healthy participants: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food effect trial.
Multiple authors
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
Related health conditions
Research showing how this habit affects specific health conditions. Always consult healthcare professionals.
May Help With
Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar and insulin resistance
GSK2374697, a long duration glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reduces postprandial circulating endogenous total GLP-1 and peptide YY in healthy subjects.
Multiple authors
Tolerance Does Not Develop Toward Liraglutide’s Glucose-Lowering Effect
Multiple authors
Excess body fat that increases health risk
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
Research (6 studies)
Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Multiple authors
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HRS-7535, a novel oral small molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in healthy participants: A phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food effect trial.
Multiple authors
Orforglipron (LY3502970), a novel, oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist: A Phase 1a, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, single- and multiple-ascending-dose study in healthy participants.
Multiple authors
104-OR: Novel GIP/GLP-1/Glucagon Receptor Agonist LY3437943: A First-in-Human Dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Multiple authors
Tolerance Does Not Develop Toward Liraglutide’s Glucose-Lowering Effect
Multiple authors
GSK2374697, a long duration glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reduces postprandial circulating endogenous total GLP-1 and peptide YY in healthy subjects.
Multiple authors
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